Surrounded by volcanoes and eternal glaciers, the mountain range extends from the north to the south of the country, forming productive valleys in which lie cities and small towns.
The highlands have a high diversity of microclimates, contained in which are many natural and cultural treasures: tundra, cloud forests, lakes, lagoons, active volcanoes, hot springs, indigenous markets, towns, cities, and colonial haciendas. From its highest lands to its lowest plains, the highlands are used for agriculture, varying from green pastures and dairy cows to fields of potatoes, vegetables, and corn.
Temperatures vary from 0°F to 79°F with elevations up to 6310 meters on snowy Chimborazo, the highest mountain in Ecuador.
Much of the highland tourist industry consists of colonial towns. The capital, Quito, lies in the highlands, and its historic center has been declared a World Heritage Site. In addition, the majority of indigenous ethnic groups are concentrated in the highlands.